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Gidgee & other fluoroacetate poisoning EFFECTS OF FLUOROACETATE POISONING ON LIVESTOCK: The Georgina Gidgee of western Queensland & eastern Northern Territory contains fluoroacetate, a naturally occurring metabolic poison. Heartleaf Bush of the desert uplands of central Queensland and Western Australia also contain fluoroacetate. When ingested by cattle it sets off a chain of complex reactions. Enzymes react to the fluoroacetate and produce fluorocitrate, which is responsible for hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium in the blood). The fluorocitrate also impairs cellular oxidative metabolism, meaning the animal's oxygen levels (and therefore energy levels) are lowered. The lower energy reduces glutamate, a chemical that nerve cells use to send signals to other cells, and with this out of wack the animal is unable to regulate acid balance and ammonia removal. This results in an increase of acidosis and an increase in ammonia within the animal. In short, ingesting fluoroacetate containing plants causes hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), hypoglycemia (low energy levels), and interferes with acid & ammonia balance. Each of these issues on their own can be detrimental to cattle, and in combination are deadly. To combat these issues we have developed the Live Stock Range for Fluoroacetate Poisoning. The blocks listed below are to be fed in conjunction to assist in minimising and/or preventing the poisoning. For more information please speak to an Olsson's rep or call our hotline on 1800 804 096. SYMPTOMS: Physical symptoms of fluoroacetate poisoning can include rapid breathing, trembling, heart failure or irregularities, moderate bloating, frequent urination, bone chewing, and sudden death, often while drinking or mustering. Issue: Hypoglycemia & increased build up of fluorocitrate LIVE STOCK 2 ENERGY + BIOCHAR Issue: Insufficient habitat for microbes LIVE STOCK 4 BENTOBITE + BACTERIA Issue: High toxin levels LIVE STOCK 5 SULPHUR PLUS Issue: Hypocalcemia, phosphorus deficiency (optional- for phos. deficient areas) SUPERPHOS 8% PHOSPHORUS

Salt Based: A high protein supplement with phosphorous & broad range macro & micro minerals, designed to assist stock with maximum protein conversion. NT URAPHOS PLUS 30% UREA Olsson’s NT Uraphos is a supplement block formulated for cattle grazing dry feed in phosphorus-deficient regions such as Northern Australia. It contains a high level of phosphorus and 30% urea, supplied in a compressed dry block delivery system that helps regulate intake. This block provides a convenient option for graziers managing cattle nutrition in areas where pastures are low in phosphorus. Suitable for all cattle breeds. Warning: Products containing urea can be toxic to livestock. Please ensure proper farm management practices are employed. Olsson's slow release urea video: https://youtu.be/C8fNF2sfUY8?si=zCGkEPgvaykH-Wxg Available in 20, 40 & 100kg blocks. NT Uraphos Plus 40% Urea is also available. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE PRODUCT BROCHURE

Salt Based: Premium 8% phosphorus supplement for production animals ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS Olsson’s Organic Phosphorus is a multi-nutrient supplement block formulated to provide phosphorus and essential minerals as part of livestock feeding programs. It is suitable for a wide range of livestock and feeding conditions where phosphorus supplementation is required. Certified organic by Australian Organic (No. 12162) and compliant with USDA-NOP standards. Available in 20 & 40kg blocks. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE PRODUCT BROCHURE

Salt Based: An essential mineral and trace element block for race, show & workhorses. A multi-purpose block for all horses grazing on all pastures. 007 MINERAL HORSE BLOCK Olsson’s 007 Mineral Block is a multi-purpose mineral and trace element supplement formulated for horses grazing on a variety of pastures. It contains a range of essential minerals and trace elements, including calcium and phosphorus. The block is designed for use across all classes of horses, including foals, pregnant mares, working horses, and eventing horses, to support their dietary mineral and trace element intake. Available in 2 & 20kg blocks. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE HORSES: Approximate intake: 50g/head/day Cost/head/day: $0.11 Cost/head/month: $3.35 Cost/head/year: $40.15 *These numbers are approximate and are intended as a guide only. Consumption rates will depend on life cycle of the animals and the quality of the available feed. The cost is formulated assuming a retail price of $2.50/kg, however this price may vary based on location, stockest’s pricing, etc. PRODUCT BROCHURE Equine Booklet

Salt Based: A chelated calcium & vitamin D supplement to combat areas of low calcium availability from oxalate rich pastures. EQUINE CALCIUM PLUS Olsson’s Equine Calcium Plus provides a source of calcium & vitamin D for horses grazing high phosphorus pastures. During periods of low dietary calcium intake, calcium can be mobilised from bone to maintain normal blood calcium levels. If inadequate dietary calcium persists, the bone calcium may be replaced by fibrous tissue, which has been associated with weakened bones and a condition commonly referred to as “Big Head.” This is most often observed in horses grazing tropical grasses such as kikuyu, buffel, setaria, green panic, para grass, pangola grass, guinea grass, signal grass and purple pigeon grass. These grasses contain oxalates that bind calcium, reducing its availability for absorption, and diets high in phosphorus, such as those containing significant cereal grain, can also reduce calcium availability. Available in 2 & 20kg blocks. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE PRODUCT BROCHURE Equine Booklet

Salt Based: A rumen digestible protein supplement for superior feed conversion of dry feed, containing 30% urea. Ideal for deteriorating pastures. U30 PLUS 30% UREA Olsson’s U30 provides both digestible protein for rumen micro-organisms and bypass protein for the animal, supplied in a compressed block form. The block design offers a secure method of urea and protein delivery that helps regulate intake as part of dry-season feeding systems. Suitable for all cattle breeds. Warning: Products containing urea can be toxic to livestock. Please ensure proper farm management practices are employed. Olsson's slow release urea video: https://youtu.be/C8fNF2sfUY8?si=55SEG8ObTNhBKsKf Available in 36kg blocks. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE PRODUCT BROCHURE

/ All Northern Products / ALL NORTHERN PRODUCTS Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. For more advice on what you should be using contact our livestock nutritionists on blocks@olssons.com.au or call us on 1800 804 096. To order please email us at blocksales@olssons.com.au Filter by 007 MINERAL HORSE BLOCK Salt Based: An essential mineral and trace element block for race, show & workhorses. A multi-purpose block for all horses grazing on all pastures. BLUE CAVIAR EQUINE BLOCK FOR HORSES Molasses Based: A calcium & mineral supplement to assist where deficiency may be prevalent. Plus seaweed, essential linseed oil & biotin. EQUINE CALCIUM PLUS Salt Based: A chelated calcium & vitamin D supplement to combat areas of low calcium availability from oxalate rich pastures. HIGH SULPHUR 16% 16% SULPHUR Salt Based: A 16% sulphur supplement, assisting rumen microbes in deriving essential nutrients from dry and fibrous feeds. ALLICIN PLUS SULPHUR Salt-Based: A sulphur supplement designed to support livestock health by providing allicin, a compound derived from garlic. Suitable for cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. DOMINATOR DRY SEASON PLUS 20% UREA Molasses Based: A high protein multi-nutrient supplement for ruminants grazing poor pastures and stubbles. GROW PRO 50 BLOCK Salt Based: A high protein supplement ideal for young and growing stock. Contains amino acids and essential minerals to boost structural growth. NT URAPHOS PLUS 30% UREA Salt Based: A high protein supplement with phosphorous & broad range macro & micro minerals, designed to assist stock with maximum protein conversion. ARGININE HORSE BLOCK Molasses Based: A supplement containing high levels of arginine and silymarin, formulated for horses grazing in Birdsville-disease–prone areas. DOMINATOR DRY SEASON PLUS 10% UREA Molasses Based: A high protein multi-nutrient supplement for ruminants grazing poor pastures and stubbles. GROW PRO 70 BLOCK Salt Based: A high protein supplement ideal for young and growing stock. Contains amino acids, essential minerals & live probiotics to boost growth. NT URAPHOS PLUS 40% UREA Salt Based: A high protein supplement with phosphorous & broad range macro & micro minerals, designed to assist stock with maximum protein conversion. 1 2 1 ... 1 2 ... 2 TOP

Chromium plays a key role in lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism in livestock, allowing more energy to be utilised from the feed in normal pastures. The Benefits of Supplementing with Chromium THE BENEFITS Studies into the benefits of chromium supplementation in livestock diets have shown: It plays a key role in lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism in livestock, allowing more energy to be utilised from the feed in normal pastures. It positively affects milk production in cows and has a profound effect on calf growth It alleviates the negative effects of stress by improving the health and performance of livestock It improves immu ne function It helps with heat stress (it takes energy to cool down or to warm up the animal) It provides more energy to the cells, useful for gidgee & heart leaf poisoning where the energy is cut off at the cell level. HOW IT W ORKS Chromium helps enhance the effect of insulin, stimulating the glucose uptake by organs and muscle. This aids in the production of energy from carbohydrates, fats and protein. This means the animal has more energy to help with maintenance, reproduction, growth, performance and immunity. The top right image shows the cells without chromium. The available glucose is not efficiently transported to the cells. However, with the addition of chromium (lower right image) the insulin receptors increase the glucose metabolism. View this brochure for more information. SOURCES: Amata, I. (2013). Chromium in Livestock Nutrition: A Review. Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 2(12) 289-306. Ewing, W. C. (2007). The Minerals Directory. Leicestershire: Context. www.kemin.com. (n.d.). KEMTRACETM Chromium For Stress Management | Kemin Asia. [online] Available at: https://www.kemin.com/ap/en/markets/animal/products/kemtrace-chromium Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells. Chromium optimises the activation of the insulin receptor. The cell increases glucose uptake. The additional glucose allows for more energy to be available for proper cell function, which can boost the animal’s immunity maintenance and reproductive performance.

Contact us for more info on our range of livestock supplements CONTACT US Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. OLSSON'S AREA REPS Kimberley region & NT Col Young 0427 796 511 North QLD Davi d Mosch 0427 659 411 Central & SE QLD Barry Knight 0417 791 840 New England, NSW Hirek Nowinski 0419 675 693 TAS Liam Olsson 0411 112 131 NSW, WA, SA, VIC Nick Burwell 0428 530 76 9 Southern States Sales Manager Nick Burwell 0428 530 76 9 ENQUIRIES: blocks@olssons.com.au SALES: blocksales@olssons.com.au HOTLINE: 1800 804 096 PHONE: 07 3900 2800 Submit Thanks for submitting! QUALITY ASSURANCE Leng Yang (07) 3900 2800 Map HEAD OFFICE 19-25 Nelson Road, Yennora, NSW 2161 QLD OFFICE 33 Manton Street, Morningside QLD 4170

Bloat- a complex metabolic condition Ruminal tympany, commonly known as bloat, is a digestive disorder of ruminants that occurs when the gas produced during normal rumination is trapped and cannot be expelled by belching. Increased pressure in the rumen can compress the cardiovascular system so that when untreated, the condition can be fatal. In Australia the estimated average loss per year due to bloat is $47 million (MLA Report Date: April 2006, ISBN: 1741910021.) Gas is produced as a natural by-product of digestive fermentation in the rumen. This gas contains approximately 30% methane, 60% carbon dioxide, and trace amounts of other gases. Gas production in a hungry cow’s rumen on good pasture can be up to 2 litres per minute and must be expelled quickly if the animal is to consume sufficient feed. In order to remove this gas, the animal belches about once a minute. If the gas release is disturbed, foam forms in the digesta and causes the belching mechanism to fail. Usually the foam is of low persistence and occurs only in small amounts. In contrast, the formation of large amounts of rigid foam of a high persistence is lethal. Gas that cannot be expelled by belching causes bloating, and if severe enough, internal pressure on the vital organs surrounding the rumen (i.e. heart and lungs) results in death. The main problem of this complex metabolic disorder is its rapid progress and the difficulty of predicting its occurrence under field conditions. The complexity results from the interaction of plant, animal, and microbial factors which lead to foam formation. Pasture bloat predominates in animals grazing fresh forage legumes, especially in spring. Maximum foaminess of the rumen content occurs 1 to 2 hours after the cow begins eating bloat-causing forage and is reduced to the pre-feeding level 4 h later. Pasture bloat is caused by grazing plants such as lucerne, wheat pasture, various clovers, succulent grasses, hay and crops such as brassicas. Plant proteins, saponins, pectins, hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, and peptide slimes produced by the rumen microbes - either solely or acting in combinations – can be responsible for stable foam formation. Bloat is also associated with high levels of potassium and low levels of sodium in the rumen, a characteristic of grazing oat and wheat crops in the winter. Small plant particles and foam-stabilising polysaccharides appear to play a crucial role in the process of rumen foam formation. Fine plant particles originate from decomposed chloroplasts. These in rumen fluid facilitate gas bubble coalescence. The bloat potential of crops depends on their digestibility by rumen bacteria. Other compounds are also involved in the development of pasture bloat to varying degrees. Saponins, which occur in significant amounts in both lucerne and clover, are known to form stable foams at very low concentrations. In addition to the plant characteristics, the animal's susceptibility to bloat plays a major role. In general, greedy cattle have a higher likelihood of developing bloat. BLOAT PREVENTION The most common methods of preventing pasture bloat include pasture management and grazing control, feeding of roughage supplements, and the administration of antibacterial and anti-foaming agents. Pasture management may involve using grass or silage-legume mixtures, considering crop maturity and choosing forage with low bloat potential. Feeding ruminants dry hay before or during grazing, as well as slowly adapting the animals to high risk pastures are some of the safest bloat prevention methods. However, even with good pasture management bloat can still occur. When it does it is crucial to ‘break the foam’ as the animal starts to bloat. The best way of doing this is by providing the animal with a bloat block containing anti-foam forming materials, such as Olsson’s Bloat Liq .

Salt Based: A premium protein supplement for pregnant, lactating or weaning livestock, or dry pastures. Contains urea, bypass protein and minerals. PEAK 50 PLUS 7% UREA Olsson’s Peak 50 Plus 7% Urea is a supplement block containing urea, bypass protein, and minerals. It is formulated for use with livestock grazing dry pastures, during periods of high nutritional demand such as lactation, or in feeding systems where additional protein is required. The inclusion of bypass protein provides a source of protein and energy in block form, supporting livestock in a range of seasonal feeding conditions. Peak 50 Plus is suitable for use where pasture protein levels have declined, including pre-lambing or calving periods. Warning: Products containing urea can be toxic to livestock. Please ensure proper farm management practices are employed. Olsson's slow release urea video: https://youtu.be/C8fNF2sfUY8?si=55SEG8ObTNhBKsKf Available in 18 & 35kg blocks. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE CATTLE: Approximate intake: 100g/head/day Cost/head/day: $0.26 Cost/head/month: $7.80 SHEEP: Approximate intake: 20g/head/day Cost/head/day: $0.06 Cost/head/month: $1.83 *These numbers are approximate and are intended as a guide only. Consumption rates will depend on life cycle of the animals and the quality of the available feed. The cost is formulated assuming a retail price of $2.50/kg, however this price may vary based on location, stockest’s pricing, etc. PRODUCT BROCHURE

Salt Based: A protein and calcium supplement for ruminants grazing dry pastures, stubbles and crop residues. CALCIUM MOLASSES PLUS 10% UREA Olsson’s Calcium Molasses + 10% Urea is a nutritional supplement formulated for cattle, sheep, goats and deer on grain-based diets. It contains calcium, protein and urea and is intended for use in feeding programs where grain or dry-season rations may have lower levels of protein, minerals, vitamins and a lower calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. This product is provided as a nutritional supplement only and is not intended to diagnose, treat or prevent any condition; seek veterinary advice where animal health concerns exist. Warning: This product contains urea, which can be toxic to livestock if not managed correctly. Always follow appropriate farm management practices. Available in 19kg blocks. Olsson's supports local business and as such we sell our products through local rural agents. To purchase our blocks check out your local stockist for pricing and availability. BROCHURE DIRECTIONS INTAKE CATTLE: Approximate intake: 150g/head/day Cost/head/day: $0.33 Cost/head/month: $10.04 SHEEP: Approximate intake: 20g/head/day Cost/head/day: $0.05 Cost/head/month: $1.52 *These numbers are approximate and are intended as a guide only. Consumption rates will depend on life cycle of the animals and the quality of the available feed. The cost is formulated assuming a retail price of $2.25/kg, however this price may vary based on location, stockest’s pricing, etc. PRODUCT BROCHURE